Wilhelm Dilthey and Hans-Georg Gadamer were probably the last great scholars who had taken Philipp Melanchthon seriously as a philosopher. In the 20th century interest was almost exclusively restricted to his role in the history of the Reformation. However, in recent decades the situation has changed greatly. Melanchthon has aroused general interest in the field of the history of science and education, as well as in individual disciplines such as research on dialectics and rhetoric. In this volume Melanchthon is presented for the first time as a universal scholar and so made accessible to a broader public.