In June 2006, the Secretary of Homeland Security, supported by the Secretary of Defense and all other Federal cabinet Heads, published the National Infrastructure Protection Plan(NIPP) as called for in the National Strategy for Homeland Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive-7 Critical Infrastructure Identifi cation, Prioritization, and Protection, December 17, 2003 (HSPD-7). The NIPP provides the overarching approach for integrating the Nation's many Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources protection initiatives into a single national effort.