GAO has issued several reports on the establishment of AFRICOM and its components. In 2008, we testified that DOD had made progress in transferring activities, staffing the command, and establishing an interim headquarters for AFRICOM but had not yet fully estimated the additional costs of establishing and operating the command. We also reported in 2008 that DOD had not reached an agreement with the Department of State (State) and potential host nations on the structure and location of the command's presence in Africa, and that such uncertainty hindered DOD's ability to estimate future funding requirements and raised questions about whether DOD's concept for developing enduring relationships on the continent could be achieved.