Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) filters have become an important part of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism treatment and prevention. With the advent of retrievable filters a new era of IVC instrumentation has been initiated. This book will begin to review the history of IVC filtration, indications for permanent and temporary filter use and filter use in special populations such as the pregnant patient or those with upper extremity venous thrombosis. The authors also review the technical aspects of filter placement and retrieval and discuss immediate and long-term complications from IVC filters. The book will also continue to discuss how acute spinal cord injury provides risks for developing deep vein thrombosis; and discuss the efficacy and safety of novel oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolisms.