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Decoding the Hand: A History of Science, Medicine, and Magic de Alison Bashford

Decoding the Hand: A History of Science, Medicine, and Magic

Autor Alison Bashford
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 23 dec 2025

Găsim în Decoding the Hand o perspectivă inedită asupra modului în care suprafața corpului a fost interogată, de-a lungul secolelor, pentru a dezvălui esența sinelui. Departe de a fi un simplu manual de divinație, lucrarea semnată de Alison Bashford explorează tema „descifrării” mâinii ca punct de intersecție între medicină, magie și știință. Considerăm că forța acestui volum rezidă în capacitatea de a demonstra cum figuri centrale ale științei moderne, de la Isaac Newton la Charles Darwin sau Francis Galton, au privit palma nu doar ca pe un instrument biologic, ci ca pe o hartă a destinului și a caracterului.

Structura cărții urmărește o progresie riguroasă, pornind de la rădăcinile fiziognomiei și chiromanției în lumile indo-europene (Partea I), trecând prin procesul de profesionalizare și comercializare a „cheirosofiei” în epoca victoriană (Partea II) și culminând cu integrarea acestor observații în biosciințele secolului XX (Partea III). Această ultimă secțiune este deosebit de relevantă pentru curriculumul de istoria medicinei, analizând cum amprentele palmare au trecut din sfera ocultismului în cea a geneticii umane, sub lupa unor experți precum Lionel Penrose.

Decoding the Hand completează perspectiva oferită de lucrări practice precum The Science of Palmistry de Eugene Lawrence, adăugând o analiză critică și istorică profundă pe care textele tehnice o omit. În timp ce The Science of Palmistry se concentrează pe tehnica interpretării liniilor, Alison Bashford plasează aceste practici în contextul eugeniei, criminologiei și psihiatriei. Această abordare se aliniază cu opera anterioară a autoarei, în special cu The Oxford Handbook of the History of Eugenics, continuând să exploreze modul în care știința a încercat să clasifice și să ierarhizeze ființa umană prin semne fizice.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780226831152
ISBN-10: 0226831159
Pagini: 400
Ilustrații: 75 halftones
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 38 mm
Greutate: 0.79 kg
Ediția:First Edition
Editura: University of Chicago Press
Colecția University of Chicago Press

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte cititorilor pasionați de istoria ideilor și de evoluția medicinei. Veți câștiga o înțelegere profundă a modului în care pseudo-științele trecutului au pus bazele biometriei moderne. Este o lectură esențială pentru a înțelege că dorința noastră actuală de a ne citi viitorul în testele genetice are rădăcini vechi în chiromanția pe care o practicau, odinioară, chiar și cei mai mari savanți ai lumii.

Despre autor

Alison Bashford este un renumit istoric al medicinei la Universitatea din Sydney, Australia, specializată în istoria sănătății publice, a colonialismului și a eugeniei. Expertiza sa în modul în care corpul uman este perceput și reglementat prin prisma științei se reflectă în lucrări de referință precum The Huxleys și Imperial Hygiene. În Decoding the Hand, Bashford își folosește experiența în cercetarea eugeniei și a genului pentru a demonta granițele rigide dintre știința „serioasă” și practicile oculte, oferind o perspectivă academică asupra identității umane.

Descriere scurtă

The astonishing history of palmistry and biometrics—from occult physicians to the very foundations of modern science and medicine.

Why did Isaac Newton read books on chiromancy, the occult science of hand reading that revealed the secrets of the soul? Why did Charles Darwin claim that the hand gave humans dominion over all other species? Why did psychoanalyst Charlotte Wolff climb into the primate cages of the London Zoo, taking hundreds of delicate palm prints? Why did Francis Galton, the father of fingerprinting, take palm prints too? And why did world-leading geneticists study the geometry of palm lines in their search for the secrets of chromosomal syndromes?

Decoding the Hand is an astounding history of magic, medicine, and science, of an enduring search for how our bodily surfaces might reveal an inner self—a soul, a character, an identity. From sixteenth-century occult physicians influenced by the Kabbalah to twentieth-century geneticists, and from criminologists to eugenicists, award-winning historian Alison Bashford takes us on a remarkable journey into the strange world of hand readers, revealing how signs on the hand—its shape, lines, marks, and patterns—have been elaborately decoded over the centuries. Sometimes learned, sometimes outrageously deceptive, sometimes earnest, and, more often than we ever expected, medically and scientifically trained, these palm readers of the past prove to be essential links in the human quest to peer into bodies, souls, minds, and selves. Not only for fortune-telling palmists were the future and the past, health, and character laid bare in the hand, but for other experts in bodies and minds as well: anatomists, psychiatrists, embryologists, primatologists, evolutionary biologists, geneticists, and more.

Drawing telling parallels between the divination promised by palmistry and the appeal to self-knowledge offered by modern genetic testing, Decoding the Hand also makes clear that palm-reading is far from a relic or simple charlatanism. Bashford’s sagacious history of human hands touching and connecting opens wide the essential human pursuit of what lies within and beyond.

Notă biografică

Alison Bashford is Scientia Professor of History and Director of the Laureate Centre for History and Population at the University of New South Wales in Australia. She is a fellow of the British Academy and an honorary fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge. Bashford is the author, most recently, of The Huxleys: An Intimate History of Evolution.

Cuprins

List of Illustrations
List of Abbreviations
Author’s Note on Terminology

Secrets Disclosed: Taken by the Hand
Part I: The Early Languages of the Hand
01
Origins: Physiognomy and Chiromancy
02
Reading the Palm Across Indo-European Worlds
03
The Hand in Victorian Science and Medicine
Part II: The Modernization and Medicalization of Palmistry
04
The Cheirosophy of Edward Heron-Allen
05
Fortune and the Law: Cheiro and Keiro
06
Commercial Hands: The Ellis Family
07
The Medical Palmistry of Katharine St. Hill
Part III: Decoding the Hand in Twentieth-Century Biosciences
08
Fingerprints: Francis Galton’s Doctrine of Signatures
09
Anatomists of Race and the Simian Line
10
The Hand That Speaks: Charlotte Wolff
11
The Hand in the Age of Human Genetics: Lionel Penrose
Conclusion
Occult Medicine and the Lines of Fate

Acknowledgments
Notes
Select Bibliography
Index

Recenzii

“Decoding the Hand tells a story, extending from the deep past to the near present, about the way the hand has been read, the meanings that have been discerned, the different sorts of people who have interpreted the signs, the links between hand-reading and philosophy, science and medicine, and the stances taken on these matters by law, religion and government. Bashford is an Australian historian whose previous books have included a close study of Malthus’s Essay on the Principle of Population and a remarkable biography of the Huxley family, but here she has produced something altogether surprising and hard to categorise—a story which is, on the one hand, just about a bit of the human body and, on the other, about the changing, contested and consequential practices through which we have sought to know ourselves and others.”

“A lot of what, and who, we think we are as individuals and social beings is concentrated in our hands. . . . In Decoding the Hand, Bashford is alive to the multiplicity of meanings held by these extremities. There are many stories to be told here, and Bashford tells them well.”

“In the mid-twentieth century, geneticist Lionel Penrose observed correlations between genetic abnormalities and the creases of the hand, publishing his final paper ‘Fingerprints and palmistry’ in The Lancet in 1973. The hand has long intrigued physicians, embryologists, endocrinologists, psychiatrists and physical anthropologists, notes historian Bashford. This fascinating, well-illustrated history explores the ‘mysterious, curious, and often complex codes by which signs of the hand have been interpreted.’”

“Over the centuries some of the finest minds of a given age have been drawn to reading palms and just what the lines may signify. Bashford . . . traces the long and colourful story of palm reading in what she calls a ‘history of bodily semiotics’ and what these signs might tell us medically, scientifically or psychologically. . . . An intriguing history of the human quest to discover the inner life in the outer signs through the prism of palmistry.”

“Full of delightful historical twists and insights, Bashford argues that the practice of reading signs in the hand has been part of medical diagnostics from chiromancy in late medieval times to modern genetics. She shows how the lines and ridges on our hands have served as a language to those who can read it—a language that tells a story about the inner secrets of the body. Ingenious and fascinating, this is history at its best.”

“In this compelling and wide-ranging book, Bashford journeys through centuries of interpreters’ fascinations with the hand, the lessons about personality and about fate that its shape and size, its marks and forms, might carry. Questioning and often subverting received distinctions between scientific reason and allegedly occult skill and knowledge, these stories show how histories of palm-reading and fingerprinting, of fortune-telling and of genetics, were often entangled. The book will be an indispensable guide for anyone interested in how the sciences and practices of self-knowledge emerged in modernity, and the many intriguing lives and careers on which they have depended.”

“An unexpected joy. Decoding the Hand is a fabulous book that charts a history of the hand from ancient sources to twentieth-century genetics, with both learning and lightness. It offers a broad history, lavishly illustrated, and is built around a series of individually interesting case studies that will appeal to readers interested in the history of the occult and magic as well as those interested in the history of science and medicine. And it is all framed within a broader historiographical argument about the development of medical knowledge and the contested process of disenchantment. As Bashford herself puts it toward the end of the book: ‘This isn’t (just) a history of fun and quirky medicine, it is the history of medicine.’ Excellent.”

“A daring and joyously intelligent book.”

“A masterpiece."

“Wonderfully ambitious.”

“A crowning achievement. . . . Magnificent.”

“A tour de force of popular science writing.”

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