Following independence, Côte d'Ivoire enjoyed unprecedented socio-economic success. Thanks to this progress, the Ivorian government undertook major socio-economic investments. But at the end of the 1980s, the Ivorian economy was shaken by an international economic crisis. Decentralization was therefore recommended by the Bretons Woods institutions as a way of mitigating the impact of the crisis. For almost four (4) decades, decentralization has been at the heart of local management. However, decentralization is confronted by a series of crises that call into question its role in improving the living conditions of local populations in general, and in particular the level of access to basic amenities.