As freshwater resources continue to decline as the population grows and development activities continue, desalination has taken on a sense of urgency. Desalination refers to any of several processes that remove excess salt and other minerals from water. Desalination may also refer to the removal of salts and minerals more generally, as in soil desalination. This book includes within its scope distillation, membranes, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, ion exchange, freezing, water purification, and water reuse and wastewater treatment. This new volume examines new research in this frontier field.