Cells of the immune system communicate with each other, and respond to abnormal conditions by releasing soluble proteins, named cytokines. Abnormal or dangerous conditions include infection, trauma and injury, neurological disorders, and cancer. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines can comfort or exacerbate the symptoms in these diseases. This book focuses on counter-regulatory and the role of cytokines in different diseases. The goal is to understand contribution of cytokines in the progression of the disease as well as therapeutic potential of cytokines in the treatment of the disease by understanding cytokine counter-regulation.