Retrovirology is the study of retroviruses. A retrovirus is a kind of RNA virus that inserts a copy of its genome into the DNA of a host cell, thus changing the genome of that cell. These viruses are either single-stranded RNA or double-stranded DNA viruses. The main viron components found in retroviruses are envelope, RNA and protein. Both animals and humans are affected by retroviruses. It causes tumor growth and certain cancers that are linked with slow infections of animals such as equine infectious anemia. Retroviruses such as HTLV-1 cause cancer called adult T-cell leukemia in human beings. Other retroviruses such as HIV cause AIDS in human beings. The treatment of diseases by retrovirus can be done with the help of antiretroviral drugs and medications. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of retrovirology. It traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts and applications. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying retrovirology, as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.