Crop production is the mainstay of the human civilization. Some of the important categories of crops are cereals, fruits, vegetables, legumes and forage. The nature of cropping systems in a region depends on the resource availability, geography, climate, as well as factors such as socio-political and economic policies or the culture of the farmer. Crop production today encompasses practices such as plant breeding, the use of agrochemicals, and technological innovation to improve growth and yield. However, many factors tend to adversely affect agricultural productivity, such as soil degradation, desertification, and global warming. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around crop production. Some of the diverse topics covered herein address the varied technologies and techniques that contribute to enhance crop growth and yield. This book includes contributions of international experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field.