This monograph first examines how the current structure we use in criminal proceedings developed over time. Next, we describe the process and court appellate cases that over time made the guarantees of the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments binding on state criminal proceedings. A selected number of appellate court cases are cited and some are reviewed in detail. The reader may read these cases in their entirety by merely inserting the case citation in the search bar of a computer. The reasoning of the judges makes for interesting study.