In this compilation, the authors aim to evaluate the emulsifying properties and the foaming properties of cottonseed protein isolate produced either by isoelectric precipitation or dialysis membranes, as well as the relevant effect of some agents on these properties. Next, various aspects of amylase production, structural features of the starch, sizing of cotton yarns, amylase-assisted desizing, factors influencing the desizing process and evaluation of the desized fabrics are discussed. The closing chapter highlights the various issues involved in cotton contaminations and elimination methods, suitable for various stages of cotton processing. Color space models, machine vision, support vector machine, infrared based detection and classification systems are widely adopted with different levels of success.