The town of Cortlandt has several unique enclaves that retain historic traditions and represent both diverse cultures as well as people. It is comprised of two incorporated villages, Croton-on-Hudson and Buchanan, and several hamlets, including Montrose, Crugers, and Verplanck, and is bounded on the west by the Hudson River, "the American Rhine." It has been home to several famous Americans, from composer Aaron Copland to Assistant Secretary of State Frederick Seward. In the early 19th century, industrialization and the expansion of the railroad brought the town new prosperity. Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the area became predominantly rural and agricultural, with seasonal bungalow colonies and riverfront communities serving wealthy New York residents.