This book provides new research on computed tomography. Chapter One presents strategies for computer-aided designing of surgical guides for dental implant procedures based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Chapter Two gives an in depth analysis of using CBCT in anatomic variations of the mandibular canal and the mental foramen. Chapter Three discusses the use of CBCT for an accurate analysis of the nasopalatine canal. Chapter Four reviews the use of CBCT to assess morphometric characteristics of the greater palatine canal. Chapter Five reviews and discusses the application of state-of-art content based image retrieval schemes in pathological risk analysis of lung computed tomography images.