The 2nd International Symposium on Combination Therapies brought together several hundred of the leading researchers, scientists and clinicians in this area to discuss new and emerging uses for biological response modifiers (BRM's) in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. The meeting was held during May 1-3, 1992 in Acireale, Sicily (Italy). It was hosted by Professor G. Nicoletti CU. of Catania) and organized by the Institute for Advanced Studies in Immunology and Aging (Washington, D. C. ) in collaboration with the University of Rome "Tor Vergata," the University of Catania and The George Washington University Medical Center. The synergy exhibited between BRM's and conventional therapies including bone marrow and other lymphoid cell transplants is a rapidly expanding area with significant promise for the treatment of human diseases. Advances in this area of biomedicine are leading to the rapid development of new therapeutic approaches that are being applied clinically as both primary and adjuvant therapy to enhance the effectiveness of conventional treatments. The 2nd International Symposium on Combination Therapy provided a setting for the exchange of new scientific information regarding the emerging uses for BRM's alone or in combination with conventional therapies. The 1st International Symposium on Combination Therapies was held in 1991 in Washington, D. C.