ÒColonialism and Culture is a tightly argued study of literary modernism in a socio-cultural context. . . . The basic linkage of language and the community of speakers is rooted in BakhtinÕs dialogical theory but also has clear and strong ties to GramsciÕs concept of hegemony.Ó ÑMario J. ValdesIris Zavala argues that Hispanic modernism is an emancipatory narrative of self-representation. Out of CubaÕs struggles against Spanish and U.S. colonialism, modernism emerged among the Hispanic intelligentsia as an attempt to create a collective narrative rejecting colonial cultural patterns.Hispanic modernism crusaded for a cosmopolitanism opposed to colonialism. The work of Josz Mart’, Rubzn Dar’o, Valle-Inclan, Unamuno, and Julian del Casal rejects a hegemonic idea of progress and the imposition of alien political and cultural practices. Through a poetics of negation, they generated a revolutionary social and artistic awakening that resulted in the unprecedented cultural achievements of Hispanic modernism.