Neurophysiology is the branch of physiology and neuroscience which is concerned with the study of nerve cells as they transmit and receive information. It focuses on the study of the brain and spinal cord, and their connection to the mental health. Some of the methods used for research in the field of neurophysiology are electrophysiological recordings such as voltage clamp, patch clamp, extracellular single-unit recording and recording of local field potentials. Closed-loop neuroscience is referred to as a field of study that considers the brain as a loop that interacts with itself, among themselves and with the environment in a relative manner. Closed loop neurophysiology is an upcoming field of science that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in this field. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.