This monograph is dedicated to the issues of clinical oncoproteomics, its role and place in contemporary medicine in general, and in particular, oncology. This book reviews various academic viewpoints on the informational component and value of the data of clinical oncoproteomics for the diagnostics and treatment of malignant tumors using cellular, genomic and post-genomic technologies. The monograph summarizes modern concepts of carcinogenesis and describes the authors informational theory of cancer onset. The book presents theoretical, methodological and technical aspects of the innovative medical technology of the personalized proteome-based cell therapy of neoplasms. The author describes his own experience in mapping, proteomic and transcriptomic profiling of the postnatal regional progenitors and cancer stem cells of cancer patients, and the methods of bioinformational processing and mathematical modeling of the results. This book also demonstrates mathematical instruments that are used to detect the regulatory targets of the proliferative and reproductive functions of cancer stem cells in tumors and production of the targeted individually tailored anti-cancer proteome-based cell products. The mechanisms, limitations and future of these technologies are examined relying on the evidence of the clinical proteomics. This book is intended for a broad range of specialists, including clinical doctors of different specializations, such as oncologists, surgeons, neurologists, neurosurgeons, intensivists, immunologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, geneticians, professors and students of medical colleges, as well as specialists working with the issues of cell therapy and personalized medicine.