This book evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to chrysotile asbestos. Also referred to as white asbestos, chrysotile is a naturally occurring fibrous hydrated magnesium silicate mineral having many commercial applications. Chrysotile is released to the environment from industrial sources. In addition, natural weathering of serpentine rock results in emissions to air and water. Although the health risks associated with mixed exposures to the main commercial forms of asbestos (crocidolite, amosite, and chrysotile) are well known, the evaluation was undertaken in response to the continuing widespread production and use of chrysotile following the International Labour Organisation's recommendation to discontinue the use of crocidolite asbestos, and taking into consideration that amosite is virtually no longer exploited. The asbestos cement industry is singled out as by far the largest current global user of chrysotile fibres. Main applications include the production of corrugated sheets, flat sheets and building boards, slates, moulded goods, including low-pressure pipes, and high-pressure water pipes. Chrysotile is also used, in much smaller quantities, in the manufacturing of friction products, gaskets, and asbestos paper.