Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in almost all plants, algae and cyanobacteria, and is an extremely important biomolecule, critical in photosynthesis, which allows plants to obtain energy from light. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the structure, production and medicinal uses of chlorophyll. Topics discussed include the impact of molecular organisation on UV-irradiation effects to chlorophyll stability and biomedical applications; chlorophyll biosynthesis; genomics and phenomics of chlorophyll associated traits in abiotic stress tolerance breeding; chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra in photosynthetic organisms and traditional medicinal uses of chlorophyll.