This book assesses current developments in Chinas demography, and discusses the changes which should be implemented to bring policy into line with the current demographic situation. It argues that population planning, which was introduced in the early years of the Peoples Republic alongside economic planning, including the one child policy, is no longer appropriate. Besides discussing population planning policy, the book also examines how policies in the fields of education, health, gender relations, child development in rural areas, and polices for the elderly should be adjusted to accommodate demographic developments.