The authors present and discuss the partial results of the first stage of a research study on children's transition from early childhood education to elementary school. Next, drawing on findings from a four-year longitudinal study which investigated direct and indirect influences of parental involvement on academic achievement of pupils, social cohesion, and the family-community-school relationship, this compilation focuses on the role of parents as partners in contemporary schooling. The subsequent study looks for evidence of how school attendance depends upon household circumstances, notably income and education, and how attendances varies with gender and region. Using large sample survey data collected by the National Sample Survey Office for 2011-2012, this analysis aims to address several major issues. The authors analyse the gender differences in balance, object-control skills and change of direction ability in 9 to 11-year-old children. Gender could be a differentiating factor in the motor competence of children, specifically in static balance and catching ability. The penultimate chapter describes the gender gaps in the quality education measurement system test and university selection test outcomes within the framework of an observational, comparative, prospective and eight-year follow-up study. The closing chapter provides an insight into a relatively novel pedagogical method applied within the framework of peer education. This multilateral activity focuses on knowledge, health behavior, attitudes, experience and motivation of youngsters in connection with health promotion programs and community service work.