Coal mining and preparation have had a long history in the United States and the world, serving as the engine of growth for many industries. Today, new sources of energy, increased environmental awareness and more stringent regulations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other organizations are changing the way coal is found, extracted and used. As a result, fine coal cleaning, dewatering and refuse disposal are now at a major crossroads.The increased level of fines, and near-density material in the inferior seams being mined today, necessitates the development of more efficient fine coal cleaning devices. This in turn requires improvements in traditional dewatering techniques to address the need for acceptable moisture levels in plant products. Moreover, the larger volume of fine refuse being generated, coupled with harsher disposal regulations, require upgraded treatment options.