A global research community of scientists is studying the biochemical mechanisms that manage regular cellular physiology in various organisms. A great deal of ongoing research focuses on understanding the network of molecular reactions that regulates cellular homeostasis. Another area of research attempts to learn what permits cells to sense stress and activate suitable biochemical responses. This book involves advanced molecular devices and state-of-the-art imaging techniques to provide new insights into how changes in the environment can affect organisms; as well as to generate therapeutic interventions for correcting aberrant pathways in human disease.