The availability of bovine genome sequences has opened new research avenues for cattle biodiversity and diseases. Cattle also have a critical role in climate change, land degradation and water shortage. This new book presents current research in the immunity, nutrition, fertility and diseases of cattle. Topics include innate and acquired immunity; epigenetics, nutrogenomics and metagenomics; hormone regulation of bull fertility; diseases like abomasal displacement; and ozone and clinoptilolit as disease treatments. This book also presents information about local adaptation, selection and biodiversity of native species and breeds of domesticated cattle in South America, East Asia and East Europe. This book was written by experts in each area, from institutions located in Brazil, Canada, China, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, South Korea and the United States.