Case-based reasoning (CBR), is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. An auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using case-based reasoning. A lawyer who advocates a particular outcome in a trial based on legal precedents and a physician, who considers the diagnosis and treatment of a previous patient having similar symptoms to determine the disease and treatment for the new patient, are using CBR; a prominent kind of analogy making. This book presents current research in the field of CBR including business predication researches of corporate failure using CBR, and mathematising the Case-Based Reasoning process.