The International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR) is the pre-eminent international meeting on case-based reasoning (CBR). ICCBR 2007 (http://www.iccbr.org./iccbr07/) was the seventh in this series, presenting the most significant contributions in the field of CBR. The conference took place in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, during August 13-16, 2007. ICCBR and its sister conferences ECCBR (European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning) alternate every year. ICCBR 2007 followed a series of six successful international conferences previously held in Sesimbra, Portugal (1995); Providence, Rhode Island, USA (1997); Seeon, Germany (1999); Vancouver, Canada (2001); Trondheim, Norway (2003); and C- cago, Illinois, USA (2005). The European Conferences on Case-Based Reasoning (ECCBR) were held as European workshops in Kaiserslautern, Germany (1993); Chantilly, France (1994); Lausanne, Switzerland (1996); Dublin, Ireland (1998); and Trento, Italy (2000); and as European conferences in Aberdeen, UK (2002); Madrid, Spain (2004); and Lykia World, Turkey (2006). Days one, two, and four comprised presentations and posters on theoretical and - plied CBR research. In order to emphasize the importance of applications, the tra- tional industry day was converted into an Industry Program held on the second day, in the middle of the conference. Day three was devoted to five workshops: Case-Based Reasoning and Context-Awareness; Case-Based Reasoning in the Health Sciences; Textual Case-Based Reasoning: Beyond Retrieval; Uncertainty and Fuzziness in Case- Based Reasoning; and Knowledge Discovery and Similarity.