Since the 20th century, there have been many exciting achievements in the field of ecology and evolution, many of which were formulated using statistical and mathematical functions. In particular, statistical and mathematical models are a necessity for developing some sub-disciplines and theories like population genetics and ecology, neutral theory of molecular evolution and biodiversity, and machine-learning techniques for species distribution modeling. This book serves as an elementary guide to showcase some statistical and mathematical models that have been applied and used in contemporary ecological or evolutionary research. Some models may be old-fashioned, whilst some others have been further extended or developed so as to better address special research questions presented in each chapter of the book. Technical aspects of each statistical model are presented in detail to allow readers to follow and apply their own research and practices.