The process in which calcium salts build up in soft tissue, causing it to harden is known as calcification and may be classified based on whether there is a mineral balance or not, as well as the location of the calcification. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the processes, determinants and health impacts of calcifications. Topics discussed include the pathology of heterotopic and dystrophic calcifications; placental calcification and its impact on pregnancy; post-traumatic calcification of iliopsoas muscle; the impact of vitamin K dependent proteins on vascular calcification in patients with kidney disease; and diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification as a rare form of tangle-predominant dementia.