Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily and are responsible for migration, proliferation and differentiation of several cell types. They represent a unique set of differentiation factors that induce new bone formation at the site of implantation instead of changing the growth rate of pre-existing bone. BMPs have promising potential for clinical bone and cartilage repair, working as powerful bone-inducing components in diverse tissue-engineering products. Considering the expanding research, the field of regenerative medicine is expected to have brilliant prospects with the use of BMPs.This book reviews the current knowledge on BMP's and emphasis on their role as a potent stimulant in bone regeneration.