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Black Wave: How Networks and Governance Shaped Japan's 3/11 Disasters de Daniel P. Aldrich

Black Wave: How Networks and Governance Shaped Japan's 3/11 Disasters

Autor Daniel P. Aldrich
en Limba Engleză Paperback – 10 iul 2019

Recomandăm volumul Black Wave studenților în științe politice, cercetătorilor în managementul riscului și practicienilor din administrația publică interesați de reziliența sistemică. Suntem de părere că această lucrare oferă un răspuns riguros la o întrebare fundamentală: de ce anumite comunități supraviețuiesc și se reconstruiesc mai rapid decât altele în fața unor catastrofe naturale de magnitudine extremă? Analizând dezastrele din 11 martie 2011 din Japonia, Daniel P. Aldrich identifică rețelele sociale și calitatea guvernanței ca variabile critice, dincolo de resursele financiare sau infrastructura fizică.

Lucrarea extinde cadrul propus de Japan's Disaster Governance de Itoko Suzuki cu date noi colectate pe parcursul a șapte ani de monitorizare a regiunii Tōhoku. În timp ce Suzuki se concentrează pe sistemele de management al crizelor, Black Wave plasează accentul pe capitalul social. Structura cărții este organizată ierarhic, pornind de la nivelul individual (capitolul 2) și urcând spre cel al satelor, orașelor, prefecturilor și, în final, al instituțiilor internaționale. Această abordare permite o înțelegere nuanțată a modului în care legăturile verticale și orizontale facilitează accesul la resurse.

În contextul operei sale anterioare, Black Wave reprezintă o rafinare a tezelor din Building Resilience, aplicând teoria capitalului social pe studiul de caz specific al triplului dezastru japonez. Autorul utilizează 12 desene liniare și 12 tabele pentru a susține empiric argumentul că o comunitate mai conectată are șanse mai mari de supraviețuire. Considerăm că analiza modului în care unele orașe au ales să ignore recomandările guvernamentale centrale în favoarea unor viziuni locale de reconstrucție oferă lecții prețioase pentru politicile comparative globale.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780226638430
ISBN-10: 022663843X
Pagini: 272
Ilustrații: 12 line drawings, 12 tables
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 20 mm
Greutate: 0.4 kg
Ediția:First Edition
Editura: University of Chicago Press
Colecția University of Chicago Press

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte pentru analiza sa factuală asupra rezilienței umane. Cititorul va înțelege de ce capitalul social este mai valoros decât zidurile de protecție în fața unui tsunami. Este o lectură esențială pentru a vedea cum rețelele de încredere transformă supraviețuirea individuală în recuperare colectivă, oferind un model de guvernanță aplicabil oricărei zone expuse riscurilor naturale.

Despre autor

Daniel P. Aldrich este profesor și codirector al Programului de Securitate și Reziliență la Universitatea Northeastern. Expert recunoscut în studiul dezastrelor și al politicilor publice, Aldrich și-a dedicat cariera cercetării modului în care interacțiunile sociale influențează recuperarea post-criză. Lucrările sale, precum Building Resilience și Resilience and Recovery in Asian Disasters, au redefinit modul în care academicienii și decidenții politici privesc capitalul social, nu doar ca un concept sociologic, ci ca un instrument critic de supraviețuire în fața catastrofelor naturale.

Descriere scurtă

Despite the devastation caused by the magnitude 9.0 earthquake and 60-foot tsunami that struck Japan in 2011, some 96% of those living and working in the most disaster-stricken region of Tōhoku made it through. Smaller earthquakes and tsunamis have killed far more people in nearby China and India. What accounts for the exceptionally high survival rate? And why is it that some towns and cities in the Tōhoku region have built back more quickly than others?
           
Black Wave illuminates two critical factors that had a direct influence on why survival rates varied so much across the Tōhoku region following the 3/11 disasters and why the rebuilding process has also not moved in lockstep across the region. Individuals and communities with stronger networks and better governance, Daniel P. Aldrich shows, had higher survival rates and accelerated recoveries. Less-connected communities with fewer such ties faced harder recovery processes and lower survival rates. Beyond the individual and neighborhood levels of survival and recovery, the rebuilding process has varied greatly, as some towns and cities have sought to work independently on rebuilding plans, ignoring recommendations from the national government and moving quickly to institute their own visions, while others have followed the guidelines offered by Tokyo-based bureaucrats for economic development and rebuilding.
 

Notă biografică

Daniel P. Aldrich is director of the Security and Resilience Studies Program and professor of political science and public policy at Northeastern University. He is the author, most recently, of Building Resilience, has received three Fulbright Fellowships and an Abe Fellowship, and has worked as an AAAS Science and Technology Fellow at the United States Agency for International Development.

Cuprins

Tables and Illustrations
Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction: The Story of Three Disasters
Chapter 2: Individual Level: Neighbors Saving Lives
Chapter 3: Village, Town, and City Level: Vertical Ties Bringing Resources
Chapter 4: Prefectural Level: Networks Making a Difference
Chapter 5: National Level: Governance Challenged
Chapter 6: International Level: How Institutions Save Lives
Chapter 7: Conclusions and Recommendations: Building Trust and Tying Us Together
 
Appendix 1: Interviewees and Surveyed Residents
Appendix 2: Statistical Tables
Notes
Sources
Index

Recenzii

“Three disasters—an earthquake, a tsunami, and a nuclear meltdown—struck Japan on 3/11, generating one of the greatest catastrophes in recent history. In Black Wave, Aldrich asks a series of essential questions: How did so many people survive? Why did some places fare so much better than others? What does it mean to be resilient in a world of emerging risks? His findings are surprising and important. Everyone interested in disaster—or, really, survival—should read this excellent book.”

“Much has written about the earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident that struck Japan in 2011. But few scholars can combine a deep knowledge of Japanese politics and society and a deep knowledge of contemporary research on the social response to natural and technological hazards. Aldrich is one such scholar, and this book sets the standard for scholarship in this field. The striking finding—that recovery among different communities in the most stricken areas of Japan was uneven—is likely to be of great interest to students of disasters, of technological hazards, and of contemporary Japanese politics.”

“There is much to learn from the 3/11 disasters. Aldrich brings the lessons together in this wonderful book, recounting tragic stories and offering smart analysis. To understand what happened in Japan, during and after the disasters, there is no better place to start than with Black Wave.”

"Aldrich’s book is an important contribution to our understanding of the role of social capital and formal governance in disaster response and rebuilding. His multiple method approach adds depth to our knowledge of the triple disasters. Aldrich presents his analysis with open eyes to the challenges and complexities in providing disaster relief and further highlights these by offering international comparisons."

"I recommend Black Wave to anyone interested in the social dynamics of mass disaster and resilience."

"Aldrich provides a lucid assessment of how well-developed social networks and good governance together guided and shaped the outcome of Japan’s survival and recovery from the March 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Communities with strong networks recovered faster and more completely, since they set up flexible communication and control structures and established links for afflicted communities to access important resources, information, and assistance. The disaster even opened policy windows with potential for change in several fields, and identified best practices and policy instruments for use in future disaster preparation. It further highlighted existing issues in Japan such as the long-term trend of rural depopulation, the lack of economic innovation and development of the periphery, and the growing popular desire to move away from nuclear power toward renewable energy sources such as solar, thermal, and wind. This was largely thanks to the Tohoku residents’ ability to connect with their decision-makers, who responded quickly and efficiently, enabling the region and the country to recover more quickly and thoroughly than anyone anticipated. As Japan now explores new energy solutions, it is also pursuing greater energy efficiency and conservation as a result. This presents a great model for other nations."

"There is a significant variation in recovery, and Aldrich takes advantage of these nuances to guide a piece of quantitative and qualitative research from which we might be able to extract some basics of resilience. Recognizing the shortcomings of telling the story of survival and recovery by analyzing its ramifications on any one level alone, the book uses data from diverse levels, beginning with the individual and moving up through the city, the region, the nation, and finally – the international levels."

"Aldrich cuts through the thick fog of crisis management, reaching for—and often producing—a clarity that only the passage of time makes possible. He effectively draws upon a decade of research by Japanese social scientists as well as on his own field‐based survey and interview data. To his credit, he makes a special effort to ensure that his carefully curated data are accessible to the general reader."

"...Aldrich’s meticulous research is a wake-up call. The book gives us one more modern piece of proof of the importance of social ties between citizens, between communities, between governmental and non-governmental organizations, as well as between community, region and nation."

"This book is not only academically sound, with detailed analysis, but also readable for policy makers and the general population to ponder their future plans to protect themselves. If Japan, as well as any country, is to prepare for unforeseen disasters, this book can give guidance for what individuals, communities, regions, or nations should do in order to foster maximum resilience."

"Aldrich’s Black Wave tackles the 3/11 disasters with analytical insight and useful prescriptions for political leaders, NGOs, and everyday citizens. As the entire world recovers from the pandemic and rebuilds resilient societies in the post-COVID-19 era, Japan’s wealth of experience with earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, and volcanic explosions provides fertile soil for extrapolating widely applicable insights on disaster and recovery"

"‘3/11’ was the most catastrophic event in Japan’s postwar history. The magnitude 9.0 earthquake triggered a massive tsunami that killed more than 18,000 people and caused multiple reactor meltdowns at the Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear power plant. Given its scale, diversity, complexity, and severity, no one has yet been able to fully comprehend the picture of the 3/11 disaster and the recovery process. However, Daniel P. Aldrich, an American political scientist and the author of Black Wave: How Network and Governance Shaped Japan’s 3/11 Disasters, has managed to accomplish this difficult task in his book."

"I recommend Black Wave to anyone interested in the social dynamics of mass disaster and resilience. The book is detailed without being dry; and, it is thorough without being dense. Thus, it would work well in both graduate and undergraduate seminars."

"Stuffed full of vignettes, statistics and real-life examples from not only the 3/11 aftermath, Black Wave makes a worthwhile contribution to the field of disaster management and recovery planning by linking social capital to long-term recovery."

"Daniel Aldrich’s Black Wave is a robust account of the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami. . . . Black Wave is a useful resource for those who know very little about the events of 3.11 and are looking for a broad introduction. It is also beneficial for those who are already knowledgeable about the disaster but would like to delve deeper into the complex factors involved in the response and recovery. This book is approachable for an undergraduate course while at the same time carrying enough scholarly weight for use in graduate seminars. I would recommend Black Wave to those who are teaching disaster management, sociology of disasters, or a sociology course that explores the idea of social capital. In addition, the events of 3.11 have inspired fundamental changes to facets of Japanese government, and so this book is also of value to scholars of Japan in general."

“A meticulously researched book that offers the most comprehensive English-language analysis of the 3/11 disasters [in Japan] to date.”
 

"By charting the trajectory of the disaster recovery in the seven years after 3/11, Black Wave sits astride this history as a contribution to disaster studies, political science, and Japan area studies to better understand Japan’s most recent visitation of natural disaster and will help elicit a deeper consideration of the palliative rhetoric of resiliency in the face of institutional incompetence and governmental malfeasance."