Biotechnology, one of the major technologies of the twenty-first century emerged as a new research field that arose because of the fusion of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Microbiology. Its wide-ranging, multi-disciplinary activities include recombinant DNA techniques, cloning and the application of microbiology to the production of goods from bread to antibiotics, contributing to diverse areas as food production, waste disposal, mining and medicine. Applications of Biotechnology is felt when one goes to the movies to see Jurassic Park with cloned dinosaurs; or reads in the newspaper about the commercialization of a new Biotech Tomato that has a comprehensive shelf life; or hears one of the critics of Biotechnology talking about the possibility of calamitous consequences from genetic engineering. This book will be an essential reading for all students of biotechnology and applied microbiology, and for researchers in the field of Biotechnology.