The book "Biotechnology: Progress and Applications" aims to dwell broadly on various topics pertaining to the advancements and current researches in the field of biotechnology. We are entering a new and exciting era of biotechnology and its applications. New horizons are coming up with the advances due to interdisciplinary researches in different biological sciences. Recent developments in the newly established disciplines of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics together with extensive cooperation between academic and industrial firms have brought about an integration of basic and applied biotechnology as never before. This compilation is the cumulative effort of many stalwarts and the eminent veterans from diverse areas of biotechnology. The chapters are presented in a manner to update and provide comprehensive knowledge to the teachers, UG/PG students and research scholars and also shall serve some interest for the public. The recent explosion in novel biotechnology applications is accelerating the pace of research and development in all discipline such as Stem cells, Nanobiotechnology, Infectious Diseases, Microbial technology, Pharmaceutics, Environmental biotechnology. The book is structured to include the recent advancements of the ongoing research in the field of biotechnology. Thus aim and scope of this book is to clearly illustrate ideas on diverse applications of biotechnology which include concise summaries of cutting-edge research and current prospective applications across a wide subject spectrum.