Bioresponse-linked instrumental analysis combines biomolecular recognition, initiating a biological effect in the organism, and chemical analysis. Although this technology is only at its beginning, the power of this approach is obvious. It provides both, information on effects with respect to the applied target structures as well as the chemical structure and concentration of active substances present in a sample. In this book, examples ranging from endocrine disruptors to neurotoxic substances are used to illustrate the principle.