For millennia, textiles have been an integral part of human civilization, evolving from basic clothing to advanced applications catering to modern societal needs. The intersection of textiles and medical science has given rise to biomedical textiles, which are defined as fibrous textile structures prepared from synthetic or natural materials that are used internally or externally in a biological environment (inside or outside the body) as a medical or care device to improve health, hygiene, and medical conditions. The book discusses the need for flexibility and shape-transformation capabilities in today’s textiles, such as being engineered for insertion through a small catheter or expanded within the vessels to allow minimally invasive delivery methods without sacrificing mechanical integrity and healthcare capabilities. It presents the recent research and developments that will benefit academicians, scientists, researchers, and post-graduate students in the field of textile science and technology. The book will prove to be a useful instrument in the rapid and efficient entry of new researchers into the emerging field of textile engineering and technology.