The plant or animal material that is used as raw material for the production of energy and heat as well as for the manufacturing of various industrial products is known as biomass. It includes energy crops such as miscanthus and switchgrass, forest residues, waste from crops, animal waste, and human waste from sewage plants. It is classified as renewable or green energy because it recycles the carbon dioxide back into new crops through photosynthesis. There are numerous methods of converting biomass into fuel. These methods are broadly classified into thermal conversion, chemical conversion, biochemical conversion and electrochemical conversion. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of biomass. The ever growing need of advanced technology is the reason that has fueled the research in this field in recent times. The coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.