In the energy industry, biomass refers to biological material which can be used as fuel or for industrial production. Biomass includes plant matter grown for use as biofuel, as well as plant or animal matter used for production of fibres, chemicals or heat. This book presents current research in the study of biomass crops, including the conversion of wood into liquid fuels; alfalfa biomass production; gasification of biomass in aqueous media and biofuel production potential.