Bioinformatics is the field of science in which computer science, information technology and biology, merge to form a single discipline. It is the application of information technology and computer science to the field of biology and biological systems. It is a new science which is very helpful in understanding most of the biological processes. Bioinformatics, which is the melding of molecular biology with computer science, is essential to the use of genomic information in understanding human diseases and in the identification of new molecular targets for drug discovery. This book describes current research from around the world on studies involving bioinformatics and computational biology tools. This book describes the use of bioinformatics and computational biology in a variety of processes. Some of these are biobanking, application of next-generation DNA sequencing in medical discovery, microRNA profiling involved in human tumorigenesis and cancer phylogenetics.