Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life forms present in different geographical regions. It is a result of different climatic patterns and geographic settings. Biological systems may range from micro to macro that is they can exist in a form as small as mitochondria and as big as rainforests. Conservation aims at protecting habitats, ecosystems and species to maintain ecological balance. This book strives to provide extensive information on abundance, diversity and distribution of genes, species and ecosystems, components of biodiversity and effect of disturbance on ecosystems, species and populations, etc. It is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of this field. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book. It will serve as an essential guide for environmentalists, ecologists, conservationists, biologists, researchers and students alike.