This study focuses on the Balawat Gate of Shalmaneser III (858-824 BC). It is the first ever detailed research devoted to one of the most important, but thus far less known, monuments of ancient Assyrian art. Based on detailed drawings of all preserved parts of the monument, a thorough analysis of its iconography and stylistic elements has been possible. This not only facilitates a better understanding of the depicted scenes and the position of the monument within the overall development of Assyrian art, but also lays the basis for a comparison with the rich textual sources of the period. A discussion of the art historical, archaeological and textual evidence allows an understanding of the function and purpose of this monument.