Sedimentary basins represent the vast repositories for the Earth's natural resources, containing not only a large variety of metallic mineral deposits, but also natural gas, oil, oil sands and coal deposits; and therefore are a continuous focus of research. The formation of these economic resources in sedimentary basins results from complex interactions among geological, geochemical, thermal, structural and hydrological processes. This book is composed of seven chapters written by 24 authors from seven countries (Argentina, Brazil, Canada, China, Ghana, India and Nigeria), reflecting the diversity of topical case studies in various regions. The collection of topics aims to present recent advances in research on basins and the related issues, including Tectonic evolution of Youjiang basin and the resultant Carlin-type gold deposits; Numerical simulation of turbidity current and reservoir prediction in Qiongdongnan basin of the northern South China Sea; Investigation into annual soil loss and the watershed management using remote sensing and GIS methods; Subsidence, hydrocarbon generation and thermal history modelling of the Chad basin; Hydrological case study of flatlands in Argentina; Hydrochemical study of surface waters in the Barreiro hydrographic basin of Brazil; and Climate downscaling over the Densu basin and nexus on hydrology in Ghana.