This book reviews the fundamental traits that make A. monosperma a keystone species in sandy ecosystems, as well as the current experiences in A. monosperma management. Following this, the authors investigate the biological interactions of flavonoids and artemisinin and its derivatives, possibly leading to synergistic effects and consequently enhanced effectiveness in the treatment of cancer. The concluding study outlines the main dependencies obtained from plant development, morphogenesis, physiological status and the profile of essential oils and non-volatile phenolics accumulated.