Archaeology refers to the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The records of archaeology consist of artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes. The study of human prehistory and history are the major concerns of archaeology. The methods involved in this discipline are surveying, excavation and analysis of data collected to learn more about the past. The survey, in archaeology, is a form of field research that helps in collecting information about the location, distribution and organization of past human cultures. Excavation includes processing, recording and exposure of archaeological remains. It has two main types- development-led excavation and research excavation. The process of analysis is used to study archaeological materials after the excavation is completed. This book covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around archaeology. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on archaeology have been included herein. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.