Archaeological science or archaeometry is the development and application of scientific techniques to the analysis of archaeological data. It includes the study of human prehistory and history. Physical, chemical and biological analysis of the collected data has been embraced by the field to understand the date, origin, manufacture and use of artifacts along with their ancestry. Dating techniques like radio-carbon dating and artifact studies are two methods of archaeological science which provide information about human culture, origin, relative chronologies, past landscape, flora and fauna and spatial variations in soil and sediments. The topics covered in this book offer the readers new insights in the field of archaeological science. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about archaeological science. This book attempts to assist those with a goal of delving into the field of archaeological science.