Microorganisms are widely used across different industries for catalysis, biosynthesis and transformation of various compounds and substances into different commodities like pharmaceuticals, biomaterials, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the interdisciplinary fields of applied microbiology and biotechnology such as production of enzymes, waste management, pharmaceutical applications of microorganisms, and bioprocess engineering, etc. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.