Applications of Electron Emission Physics
Autor Kevin L. Jensenen Limba Engleză Hardback – 7 dec 2026
Constructing, modelling, and operating electron emission devices demands a command of both underlying physics and practical engineering realities. Applications of Electron Emission Physics, written by Kevin L. Jensen, an APS Fellow and research physicist at the Naval Research Laboratory, delivers field-tested concepts for building and running cathode ray tubes, field emission, photoemission, and secondary emission devices, grounded in decades of hands-on research and instruction experience.
Applications of Electron Emission Physics covers the realization and operation of electron emission devices alongside a detailed treatment of electron beam physics. The text provides algorithms needed to interpret experimental results obtained with both lab-scale and large-scale electron sources. Included code snippets enable readers to perform their own numerical computations, analyze data, and validate experimental observations against theoretical predictions.
Readers will also find:
- Field-tested methods for constructing and operating cathode ray tubes, field emission, photoemission, and secondary emission devices
- A detailed overview of electron beam physics connecting source design to downstream beam transport and performance
- Algorithmic tools for interpreting experimental results from both laboratory-scale and large-scale electron source configurations
- Code snippets enabling independent numerical computation, data analysis, and direct comparison of theory with experiment
- Practice-oriented guidance shaped by the author's extensive research at the Naval Research Laboratory since 1990
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Specificații
ISBN-13: 9781394199563
ISBN-10: 1394199562
Pagini: 368
Ediția:1. Auflage
Editura: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISBN-10: 1394199562
Pagini: 368
Ediția:1. Auflage
Editura: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Notă biografică
KEVIN L. JENSEN, PhD, was a Research Physicist in the Materials and Systems Branch, Materials Science and Technology Division, at the Naval Research Laboratory (retired 2023), and is now at the Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics at the University of Maryland. A Fellow of the American Physical Society and a recipient of the Sigma Xi Applied Science Award for his work on electron emission, he has authored or co-authored over 200 articles, chapters, encyclopedia entries, and books, and served as Principal Investigator for programs investigating field, photo, thermionic, and secondary emission sources for microwave devices, particle accelerators, and Free Electron Lasers.
Cuprins
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Acronyms xix
Introduction xxi
1 Transfer Matrix Approach 1
1.1 Generalized Rectangular Barrier 1
1.2 MacColl-Hartman Effect 5
1.3 Plane Wave TMA 11
1.4 Airy TMA 19
1.5 Fowler-Nordheim Tunneling 24
1.6 Kemble Approximation 28
1.7 Reflectionless Versus Resonant 32
1.8 Exercises 37
2 Schrödinger Approach 39
2.1 Quantum Carpets 39
2.2 Wave Packets 40
2.3 Triangular Barriers 47
2.4 Exercises 50
3 Wigner Approach 51
3.1 Wave Packets (Again) 51
3.2 Time Evolution 56
3.3 Wells 66
3.4 Exercises 74
4 Emission 77
4.1 Notional Emission Area 77
4.1.1 Hemisphere 77
4.1.2 Hyperboloid 80
4.1.3 Ellipsoid 82
4.2 Launch Velocity 83
4.3 Ballistic Impulse Model 86
4.4 Emittance 95
4.4.1 Thermal Emission Emittance 99
4.4.2 Photoemission Emittance 99
4.4.3 Field Emission Emittance 100
4.5 Beam Envelope Equation 101
4.6 Schottky's Conjecture 106
4.7 Conical Point Charge Model 110
4.8 Boundary Element Methods 116
4.9 Exercises 118
5 Shape 121
5.1 Wire and Nanotube Emitters 122
5.2 Hemisphere Current 129
5.3 Nanotip Barriers 136
5.4 Tip Space Charge 139
5.5 Emitter Statistics 143
5.6 Exercises 151
6 Materials 153
6.1 Thermally Assisted Photoemission 153
6.2 Moments Model Augmentation 159
6.3 Optical Terms 161
6.3.1 Metals 161
6.3.2 Semiconductors 168
6.4 Effective Mass and DOS 173
6.5 Scattering Models 175
6.6 Numerical QE Model 179
6.7 Exercises 180
7 Coatings 183
7.1 Evaporation and Diffusion 183
7.2 Pores and Lifetime 191
7.3 Work Function Reduction 198
7.4 Exercises 209
8 Conclusion 213
A Constants and Functions 215
A.1 Units and Fundamental Constants 215
A.2 Optical Constants 216
A.3 Airy Functions 217
A.4 Error Functions 218
A.5 Psi Function 219
A.6 Forbes-Deane Approximation 220
A.7 Elliptical Integrals 221Contents ix
B Algorithms 223
B.1 General Algorithms 223
B.1.1 FUNdamental 223
B.1.2 QPlot 224
B.1.3 CPlot 226
B.2 TMA Algorithms 226
B.2.1 Airy Function Approximations 226
B.2.2 Planar and Airy TMA 229
B.2.3 MacColl-Hartman Effect 238
B.2.4 Sech-squared Well 240
B.3 Schrödinger Algorithms 242
B.3.1 Quantum Carpets 242
B.3.2 Plane Wave Packets 244
B.3.3 Airy Wave Packets 249
B.4 Wigner Algorithms 253
B.4.1 Gaussian Wave Packet, Ballistic 253
B.4.2 Gaussian Wave Packet, WDF 254
B.4.3 Wigner in a Well 257
B.5 Structure 259
B.5.1 Notional Emission Area 259
B.5.2 Launch Velocity 260
B.5.3 Beam Radius 261
B.5.4 Schottky's Conjecture 263
B.5.5 Conical Point Charge Model 265
B.5.6 Hot Carbon Fiber 268
B.5.7 Heating of Carbon Cone 270
B.5.8 Statistics and Degradation 271
B.6 Materials 276
B.6.1 Thermal Modified Photoemission 276
B.6.2 Optical LDR Models: Metal 278
B.6.3 Optical ADR Models: Semiconductor 284
B.6.4 Rapid Photoemission Model 289
B.7 Coatings 293
B.7.1 Lattice Diffusion Model 293
B.7.2 Knudsen Flow 296
B.7.3 Modified Gyftopoulos-Levine Model 299
B.7.4 Coverage and QE 302
References 305
Index 341
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Acronyms xix
Introduction xxi
1 Transfer Matrix Approach 1
1.1 Generalized Rectangular Barrier 1
1.2 MacColl-Hartman Effect 5
1.3 Plane Wave TMA 11
1.4 Airy TMA 19
1.5 Fowler-Nordheim Tunneling 24
1.6 Kemble Approximation 28
1.7 Reflectionless Versus Resonant 32
1.8 Exercises 37
2 Schrödinger Approach 39
2.1 Quantum Carpets 39
2.2 Wave Packets 40
2.3 Triangular Barriers 47
2.4 Exercises 50
3 Wigner Approach 51
3.1 Wave Packets (Again) 51
3.2 Time Evolution 56
3.3 Wells 66
3.4 Exercises 74
4 Emission 77
4.1 Notional Emission Area 77
4.1.1 Hemisphere 77
4.1.2 Hyperboloid 80
4.1.3 Ellipsoid 82
4.2 Launch Velocity 83
4.3 Ballistic Impulse Model 86
4.4 Emittance 95
4.4.1 Thermal Emission Emittance 99
4.4.2 Photoemission Emittance 99
4.4.3 Field Emission Emittance 100
4.5 Beam Envelope Equation 101
4.6 Schottky's Conjecture 106
4.7 Conical Point Charge Model 110
4.8 Boundary Element Methods 116
4.9 Exercises 118
5 Shape 121
5.1 Wire and Nanotube Emitters 122
5.2 Hemisphere Current 129
5.3 Nanotip Barriers 136
5.4 Tip Space Charge 139
5.5 Emitter Statistics 143
5.6 Exercises 151
6 Materials 153
6.1 Thermally Assisted Photoemission 153
6.2 Moments Model Augmentation 159
6.3 Optical Terms 161
6.3.1 Metals 161
6.3.2 Semiconductors 168
6.4 Effective Mass and DOS 173
6.5 Scattering Models 175
6.6 Numerical QE Model 179
6.7 Exercises 180
7 Coatings 183
7.1 Evaporation and Diffusion 183
7.2 Pores and Lifetime 191
7.3 Work Function Reduction 198
7.4 Exercises 209
8 Conclusion 213
A Constants and Functions 215
A.1 Units and Fundamental Constants 215
A.2 Optical Constants 216
A.3 Airy Functions 217
A.4 Error Functions 218
A.5 Psi Function 219
A.6 Forbes-Deane Approximation 220
A.7 Elliptical Integrals 221Contents ix
B Algorithms 223
B.1 General Algorithms 223
B.1.1 FUNdamental 223
B.1.2 QPlot 224
B.1.3 CPlot 226
B.2 TMA Algorithms 226
B.2.1 Airy Function Approximations 226
B.2.2 Planar and Airy TMA 229
B.2.3 MacColl-Hartman Effect 238
B.2.4 Sech-squared Well 240
B.3 Schrödinger Algorithms 242
B.3.1 Quantum Carpets 242
B.3.2 Plane Wave Packets 244
B.3.3 Airy Wave Packets 249
B.4 Wigner Algorithms 253
B.4.1 Gaussian Wave Packet, Ballistic 253
B.4.2 Gaussian Wave Packet, WDF 254
B.4.3 Wigner in a Well 257
B.5 Structure 259
B.5.1 Notional Emission Area 259
B.5.2 Launch Velocity 260
B.5.3 Beam Radius 261
B.5.4 Schottky's Conjecture 263
B.5.5 Conical Point Charge Model 265
B.5.6 Hot Carbon Fiber 268
B.5.7 Heating of Carbon Cone 270
B.5.8 Statistics and Degradation 271
B.6 Materials 276
B.6.1 Thermal Modified Photoemission 276
B.6.2 Optical LDR Models: Metal 278
B.6.3 Optical ADR Models: Semiconductor 284
B.6.4 Rapid Photoemission Model 289
B.7 Coatings 293
B.7.1 Lattice Diffusion Model 293
B.7.2 Knudsen Flow 296
B.7.3 Modified Gyftopoulos-Levine Model 299
B.7.4 Coverage and QE 302
References 305
Index 341