Anemia is a condition that arises due to the lack of hemoglobin or red blood cells. Hemoglobin is the factor that binds oxygen to blood and supplies it to all the parts of the body. It may be caused due to decreased production of red blood cells, sudden blood loss, and genetic conditions like sickle cell anemia, etc. Slow anemia results in fatigue, problems in breathing, while a quick anemia may result in unconsciousness and increased thirst. The diagnosis and treatment of this disease involves complete blood count, blood smear test, flow cytometry and providing iron supplements. This book explores all the important aspects related to anemia in the present day scenario. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers. This text includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various aspects related to anemia. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of this field. It will serve as an essential guide for hematologists, researchers and students alike.