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Aesthetics, Industry, and Science: Hermann von Helmholtz and the Berlin Physical Society de M. Norton Wise

Aesthetics, Industry, and Science: Hermann von Helmholtz and the Berlin Physical Society

Autor M. Norton Wise
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 15 iun 2018

Notăm cu interes apariția volumului Aesthetics, Industry, and Science, o lucrare de o rigoare academică deosebită semnată de M. Norton Wise, profesor la UCLA. Autorul, cunoscut pentru expertiza sa în istoria preciziei și a energiei, fundamentează acest studiu pe o cercetare vastă a contextului cultural prusac de la mijlocul secolului al XIX-lea. Wise nu se limitează la o istorie tehnică a ideilor, ci investighează modul în care un grup de tineri de douăzeci de ani, printre care Hermann von Helmholtz și Werner Siemens, au reușit să redefinească peisajul științei naturale într-un interval de doar trei decenii.

Subliniem modul în care autorul integrează estetica neoclasică și aspirațiile materiale ale epocii în analiza progresului științific. Cititorii familiarizați cu Helmholtz de David Cahan vor aprecia perspectiva nouă pe care o aduce Wise: în timp ce Cahan se concentrează pe biografia individuală, Wise plasează geniul lui Helmholtz în interiorul unei rețele complexe formate din instituții militare, academii de artă și clasa industrială în plină ascensiune. Reținem, de asemenea, continuitatea tematică față de lucrările anterioare ale autorului, precum The Values of Precision, unde acesta explora importanța exactității; aici, precizia este văzută ca un produs al fuziunii dintre „Kunst” (artă) și „Technik” (tehnică).

Structura cărții urmărește o progresie logică, de la spațiile publice și muzeele Berlinului (capitolele despre Altes Museum și Gewerbehaus), la influența școlilor militare și, în final, la analiza mecanismelor materiei. Cuprinsul relevă o acoperire enciclopedică, culminând cu o reevaluare a lucrării fundamentale a lui Helmholtz, „Erhaltung der Kraft”. Este o lectură esențială pentru cei interesați de modul în care valorile culturale dictează direcția cercetării științifice.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780226531359
ISBN-10: 022653135X
Pagini: 432
Ilustrații: 31 color plates, 73 halftones, 6 tables
Dimensiuni: 152 x 229 x 33 mm
Greutate: 1.11 kg
Ediția:1
Editura: University of Chicago Press
Colecția University of Chicago Press

De ce să citești această carte

Această monografie oferă o perspectivă fascinantă asupra rădăcinilor modernității germane. Cititorul va înțelege cum sinergia dintre artă, industrie și rigoarea militară a creat contextul ideal pentru descoperiri revoluționare în fizică și fiziologie. Este o recomandare solidă pentru cercetători și pasionații de istoria ideilor care doresc să descopere mecanismele socioculturale din spatele marilor nume ale științei europene.

Despre autor

M. Norton Wise este profesor de istorie la University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) și unul dintre cei mai respectați istorici ai științei contemporani. Cariera sa este marcată de un interes profund pentru intersecția dintre fizică și contextul social, fiind coautor al lucrării monumentale Energy and Empire, o biografie critică a lui Lord Kelvin. De asemenea, a editat The Values of Precision, un volum de referință despre istoria cuantificării. Expertiza sa în secolul al XIX-lea și capacitatea de a sintetiza istoria artei cu istoria tehnologiei îi conferă o autoritate incontestabilă în analiza perioadei prusace.

Descriere scurtă

On January 5, 1845, the Prussian cultural minister received a request by a group of six young men to form a new Physical Society in Berlin. In fields from thermodynamics, mechanics, and electromagnetism to animal electricity, ophthalmology, and psychophysics, members of this small but growing group—which soon included Emil Du Bois-Reymond, Ernst Brücke, Werner Siemens, and Hermann von Helmholtz—established leading positions in what only thirty years later had become a new landscape of natural science. How was this possible? How could a bunch of twenty-somethings succeed in seizing the future?
 
In Aesthetics, Industry, and Science M. Norton Wise answers these questions not simply from a technical perspective of theories and practices but with a broader cultural view of what was happening in Berlin at the time. He emphasizes in particular how rapid industrial development, military modernization, and the neoclassical aesthetics of contemporary art informed the ways in which these young men thought. Wise argues that aesthetic sensibility and material aspiration in this period were intimately linked, and he uses these two themes for a final reappraisal of Helmholtz’s early work. Anyone interested in modern German cultural history, or the history of nineteenth-century German science, will be drawn to this landmark book.

Notă biografică

M. Norton Wise is Distinguished Research Professor in the Department of History at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Cuprins

Introduction
1
Parade auf dem Opernplatz
2
Pegasus and the Muses (Museums) of Art, Industry, and Science
Section 1: Altes Museum, University, and Bauschule
3
Pegasus and the Muses (Museums) of Art, Industry, and Science
Section 2: Gewerbehaus
4
Modernizing Military Schools: Self-Acting Officers and Instruments
5
“What’s in a Line?”
6
The Berlin Physical Society
7
The Mechanism of Matter: Hermann Helmholtz’s Erhaltung der Kraft
8
“A Spectacle for the Gods”
Epilogue
Kunst-Technik
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
Index
 

Recenzii

"A magnum opus."

"A rich, wonderfully readable account of the importance of the early-19th-century Berlin Physical Society. . . . A short review cannot do justice to the myriad ideas Wise suggests to account for the fecund developments in industrial design, neoclassic aesthetics, architecture, and friendships among various civilian and military protagonists, including Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Karl Schinkel, Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt, and many more. The author details the variety of military and building academies, museums and their missions, and the publications that issued from these institutions. The beauty of Wise’s account is the breadth of coverage, with topics from science, art, pedagogy, industry, architecture, and design woven flawlessly together. Drawing on a varied set of archival, primary, and secondary references, this work will be of great benefit to advanced students. . . . Highly recommended."

“I found Wise’s book inspiring, especially its very innovative reading of unusual sources such as history paintings (by Biermann, Hummel, Franz Krüger, or Eduard Gaertner), or the ornamentation on membership certificates issued by the Berlin Physical Society, or architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel’s playful representation of industrialist Peter Beuth’s mind in a Christmas card from 1836. . . . The book can therefore be recommended to readers open to broadening their perspective and to looking well beyond their own horizons, and who are willing to test their skill at critical discrimination between many convincing and a few contentious historical arguments.”

"M. Norton Wise’s long-awaited book on mid-nineteenth-century Berlin is an object of beauty. Artworks, drawings, and other images are key sources for Wise’s analysis, and a large number are reproduced in color. In part owing to the lavish visuals, which are central to the interpretation, the book is a pleasure to read or even just peruse. . . . Aesthetics, Industry, and Science will undoubtedly engage historians of art, life science, engineering, museums, and education, as well as those who study modern physics."

“Painting Wissenschaftsgemälde in the Humboldtian sense, this book is a histoire totale of early nineteenth-century Berlin. Wise follows the paths of the well-educated citizen as well as the measuring technician, taking the reader to scientific and aesthetic sites, to industrial and military zones. Bringing classical muses and contemporaneous frogs together, Aesthetics, Industry, and Science opens a new panorama onto progress and modernity.”

"Aesthetics, Industry, and Science is a brilliant, multi-faceted reframing of the emergence of modern Germany as a scientific, industrial, and military power. In what amounts to a historical ethnography of mid-19th century Berlin, Wise deftly decodes paintings, architectural forms, physics diagrams, and scientific instruments to reveal the dense connections among classicists, painters, physicists, philosophers, and engineers and their shared sense of the city’s future. Classicism and idealism laid the groundwork for a new civic culture of disciplined freedom and Bildung, transforming the Prussian capitol’s streets, façades, and museums, while providing conditions for scientific and technical achievements in steam, electricity, and engineering that culminated in Hermann von Helmholtz’s definitive work in thermodynamics. Tracing the curves between scattered points, identifying shared motive forces, and tuning in to profound resonances, this book is a tremendous achievement by one of the great historians of science; with both broad vision and minute precision, it demonstrates the inseparability of political programs, aesthetics, experiment, and Technik in the making of modernity."

"A thorough and well-documented narrative. [Wise] gives life and vision to the protagonists in that important story of how Prussia managed to become a leading state in Europe."