Nanostructured materials and coatings have gained great importance due to their microstructural properties. Their applications have increased in different technological areas such as, in environmental pollution control, photo catalysis, optics, solid oxide fuel cells, electronic and optoelectronic devices, mechanical protection, catalysis, and in biomedical. Furthermore, advances in aerosol processing in recent years have increased the variety of produced nanostructured materials, including metals, oxides, ceramics, and composites, in different appearances such as nanoparticles, rods, belts, fibres, tubes, needles, and films. This book discusses the synthesis, properties and implications that aerosols have on the environment.