Polymer is a chain of the basic building blocks of plastic. Polymer science, also known as macromolecular science, is a subfield of materials science that deals with polymers, especially synthetic polymers such as plastics and elastomers. The field of polymer science comprises three branches, namely, chemistry, physics, and engineering. Polymer chemistry or macromolecular chemistry is associated with the chemical synthesis and chemical properties of polymers. Polymer physics deals with the physical properties of polymer materials and engineering applications. Polymer characterization is concerned with the analysis of chemical structure, morphology, and the determination of physical properties in relation to compositional and structural parameters. This book elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.